An analysis of the structure and function of human skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems as well as the role of receptor-ligand interactions and introductory histology. Emphasis will be given to the homeostatic relationships between systems. Four hours of lab per week will be devoted to exploring these systems. Lab participation is required for credit.
Prerequisites
A grade of 2.0 or better in BIOL& 160, BIOL& 211, or BIOL& 222, and in CHEM& 121 or above, or on a college transcript within the last 5 years, or instructor permission.
Quarters Offered
Fall,
Winter
Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to demonstrate the following knowledge or skills:
- Develop a vocabulary of appropriate terminology to effectively communicate information related to anatomy and physiology.
- Use the concept of homeostasis to evaluate cause and effect relationships between and within the regulatory mechanisms of multiple body systems.
- Locate and identify all major bones, bony landmarks, joints and muscles in human skeletons and models
- Identify and describe all major tissues on microscope and digital slides, relating form to function.
- Describe and explain the form, function and interrelationships of the muscular, skeletal, nervous and systems and the major diseases and disorders of each. Relate form to function.
Course Content Outline
- Homeostatic Regulation
Negative and positive feedback
Analysis in terms of input signal, receptor, control center, and effector - Membrane Proteins
Structure and function of cell proteins: receptors, ion channels, transport proteins and antigens.
Cellular disorders, pharmacological applications, role in nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and endocrine regulation - Histology
Identification of basic tissue types, examples, locations, functions - Integumentary
Structure and Function - Muscle
Macro and microanatomy of skeletal muscle
Molecular basis of muscle contraction and excitation-contraction coupling - The molecular basis of nerve transmission
Establishment of a resting potential across a membrane
Molecular basis for the generation and propagation of action potentials; normal and salutatory conduction
Electrolyte balance and the symptoms of imbalances - Basic nervous system organization and function
Divisions of the Nervous System; functions and interrelations of all branches
The motor arc: analysis of action scenarios
Special Senses: focus on eye and ear, basics of smell and taste - The Central Nervous System
Spinal cord and meninges; production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid
Brain anatomy: function and pathology of areas, structures and lobes - The Peripheral Nervous System; nervous system pathology
Names, numbers and functions of the cranial nerves; localized brain damage
Autonomic Nervous System; alpha and beta target organ receptors
Lab Topics: (in person and/or digital using the Visible Body program, a synthetic cadaver, muscle models, tissue slides and/or skeletons)
- Organization of the Human Body
Body cavities, regions, planes, directional terms on models, x-rays, scans
Terminology of anatomy
Categories of muscle movement - Histology
Basic tissue types: light microscope, powerpoint slides, electron micrographs. - Micro and Macroanatomy of Bone
Endochondral ossification
Components of bone and their interactions; Haversian systems, bony membranes, epiphysial plates and lines, cell types - The Skeleton
Identification and articulation of all human bones and major bony landmarks on articulated and unarticulated human skeletons, models, and x-rays
General and specific joint categories - Human Musculature
Origins, insertions, and actions of selected human muscles
Identification of all major muscles on models
Identification of all muscle cell components on models - Human Nervous System:
Identification of structures of brain and eye through in-class dissections
Anatomy of the spinal cord and various nerves on models
Major divisions of the nervous system - Special Senses: The Eye and the Ear
Cow eye dissection: structures and functions
Structures and functions of middle and inner ear
Department Guidelines
- The overall course percentage will be based on the following weighted categories:
- Lecture exams (including 2-4 tests plus a comprehensive final exam) collectively worth 45-50%,
- Laboratory work collectively worth 40%, and
- Class assignments/quizzes collectively worth 10-15% of the overall score.
- A standard grade scale will be used for this course with a 2.0 grade point corresponding to 72%.
- All exams are proctored. When possible, exams are held on campus. Online and hybrid courses may have exams online, but they must be proctored to ensure academic honesty.
- Lab is an essential part of this class and is required for credit. Students missing more than two labs will not be given credit for this course.
- PO5 should be assessed: Students will be able to solve problems by gathering, interpreting, combining and/or applying information from multiple sources.