This course is designed for Allied Health transfer students and for students wanting an introductory organic chemistry course in preparation for a complete organic chemistry sequence at a baccalaureate institution. Topics include an introduction to alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, an exploration of common functional groups, and organic nomenclature. The course also explores the relationship of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes with the human body. CHEM& 131 includes 25-30 hours of laboratory. Laboratory exercises are designed to reinforce classroom learning as well as providing hands on experience with chemical reactions.
Prerequisites
CHEM& 121 with a grade of 2.0 or above or instructor permission
Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to demonstrate the following knowledge or skills:
- Name organic compounds from a structural formula according to standard rules of organic nomenclature.
- Predict reaction products of some standard organic reactions.
- Distinguish between aromatic and non-aromatic compounds.
- Recognize the major functional groups in organic compounds and identify characteristic reactions and physical properties associated with those functional groups.
- Explain the function of enzymes in biological systems with emphasis on human biochemistry.
- Describe human metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: ALKANES
Carbon: The Element of Organic Compounds
Bonding and Isomers
Functional groups: the organization of organic chemistry
Alkane structures and confirmations
Alkane nomenclature
Physical properties of alkanes
Reactions of alkanes - UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
Nomenclature of alkenes
Geometry of alkenes
Properties of alkenes
Additions polymers
Alkynes
Aromatic compounds and the benzene structure
Nomenclature of benzene derivatives
Properties of aromatic compounds - ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS
Nomenclature of alcohols and phenols
Classification
Physical properties of alcohols
Reactions of alcohols
Important alcohols
Characteristics and uses of phenols
Properties of ethers
Thiols
Polyfunctional compounds - ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones
Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones
Chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones
Important aldehydes and ketones - CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS
Nomenclature of carboxylic acids
Physical properties of carboxylic acids
The acidity of carboxylic acids
Salts and esters of carboxylic acids
Nomenclature of esters
Reactions of esters
Esters of inorganic acids - AMINES AND AMIDES
Classification of amines
Nomenclature of amines
Physical properties of amines
Chemical properties of amines
Amines as neurotransmitters
Biologically important amines
Nomenclatures of amides
Physical properties of amides
Chemical properties of amides - CARBOHYDRATES
Classes of carbohydrates
Stereochemistry of carbohydrates
Fischer projections
Monosaccharides
Properties of monosaccharides
Important monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides - LIPIDS
Classification of lipids
Fatty acids
Structure of fats and oils
Chemical properties of fats and oils
Waxes
Phosphoglycerides
Sphingolipids
Biological membranes
Steroids
Steroid Hormones
Prostaglandins - PROTEINS
The amino acids
Zwitterions
Reactions of amino acids
Important peptides
Characteristics of proteins
Primary structure of proteins
Secondary structure of proteins
Tertiary structure of proteins
Quaternary structure of proteins
Protein hydrolysis and denaturation - ENZYMES
General Characteristics of enzymes
Enzyme nomenclature and classification
Enzyme cofactors
Mechanism of enzyme actions
Enzyme activity
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Enzyme inhibition
Regulation of enzyme activity
Medical application of enzymes - CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Digestion of carbohydrates
Blood glucose
Glycolysis
Fates of pyruvate
The citric acid cycle
The electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
The complete oxidation of glucose
Glycogen metabolism
Gluconeogenesis
Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism - LIPID AND AMINO ACID METABOLISM
Blood lipids
Fat mobilization
Glycerol metabolism
Oxidation of fatty acids
Ketone bodies
Fatty acid synthesis
Amino acid metabolism
Amino acid catabolism: The fate of the nitrogen atoms
Amino acid biosynthesis
Evaluation will be accomplished by a combination of graded homework, examination, quizzes and laboratory performance and write up.
The final grade will be based on a percentage of the total points possible:
A typical breakdown of the points is: Three unit exams comprise approximately 50% of the total score, the final exam approximately 25%, laboratories approximately 15%, quizzes and homework provide the balance of the points.
PO5 should be assessed: Students will be able to solve problems by gathering, interpreting, combining and/or applying information from multiple sources.