ASTR 105: Observational Astronomy

Class Program
Distribution
Specified Elective
Credits 3 Lecture Hours 28 Lab Hours 12
A descriptive overview of astronomy with particular emphasis on observation. Lectures will cover the solar system, the Earth-Moon system, stellar systems, celestial motion, the history of visual astronomy, optical aids, and observing techniques. This course is not intended to be part of a physical science premajor.
Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to demonstrate the following knowledge or skills:

  1. Identify constellations, stars, planets, and other objects;
  2. Demonstrate familiarity with the construct of the dynamic celestial sphere;
  3. Demonstrate the ability to use a planisphere and star chart;
  4. Demonstrate understanding of basic properties of light;
  5. Demonstrate understanding of fundamentals of human vision as they apply to astronomical observation;
  6. Demonstrate understanding of atmospheric conditions, including light pollution, pertinent to visual astronomy;
  7. Demonstrate the ability to use binoculars and telescopes to view astronomical objects;
  8. Demonstrate understanding of properties of telescopes including magnification, light-gathering power, and resolving power;
  9. Demonstrate understanding of moon phases and surface features;
  10. Demonstrate understanding of solar observation technique;
  11. Acquire basic familiarity with solar features;
  12. Research celestial objects and locate them in the sky;
  13. Demonstrate understanding of universal, standard, daylight, local and sidereal times; demonstrate understanding of eclipses.
Desirable but not essential objectives for the student include experience with and ability to use computer programs for the amateur astronomer and basic familiarity with astronomical photography.
Course Content Outline
In order to keep course content in concert with the viewing labs, this outline may be presented in various orders from one academic term to the next.
  1. Week 1: Welcome
    Overview of the course
    Introduction to visual astronomy
  2. Week 2: Constellations and the celestial sphere
    Use of a planisphere
    Basic properties of light
    Vision and viewing techniques
  3. Week 3: Tour of the universe
    Constellations of the season
    Use of star charts
    Binoculars and telescopes
  4. Week 4: Use of star atlases
    Time: Universal, standard, daylight, local
    The [current year] Guide to the Heavens
  5. Week 5: Computer programs for amateur astronomers
    Review and Unit I test
  6. Week 6: Stars
    Multiple star systems
    Open clusters
    Globular clusters
    Planetary nebulae
    Galaxies
    Galactic clusters
  7. Week 7: Planets
    Asteroids
  8. Week 8: The sun-earth-moon system
    The solar year
    Seasons
    Lunar phases
    The barycenter
    Orbital characteristics of this system
  9. Week 9: Eclipses
    Total solar eclipse
    Annular eclipse
    Partial solar eclipse
    Total lunar eclipse
    Partial lunar eclipse
    Ascending and descending nodes Eclipse seasons
    Viewing techniques
  10. Week 10: Comets
    Meteors
    Aurorae
  11. Week 11: More about telescopes
    Astronomical photography
Viewing labs: The actual schedule of viewing labs must vary from one academic term to the next, because it must be planned in concert with celestial events and weather. Given good weather, about five 2 ½ -hour labs will be conducted. Typical lab content would be as follows.
  1. Lab 1:​ Equipment: Binoculars. Unaided viewing stressed.
    ​Constellation identification
    ​Planet identification
    ​Lunar observation
    ​Rotation of the celestial sphere
    ​Use of averted vision
  2. Lab 2:​ Equipment: Telescope, binoculars.
    ​Constellation identification
    ​Review of lab 1
    ​Telescope operation: Aiming, focusing, averted telescopic vision
    ​Telescopic viewing of planets
  3. Lab 3:​ Equipment: Telescope, binoculars.
    ​Constellation identification
    ​Review of lab 2
    ​Telescopic viewing of the moon
  4. Lab 4:​ Equipment: Telescope, binoculars.
    ​Constellation identification
    ​Review of lab 3
    ​Telescopic viewing of multiple stars and deep-sky objects
    ​Students practice telescope use, finding objects
  5. Lab 5:​ Equipment: Telescope, binoculars
    ​Constellation identification
    ​Continuation of viewing begun in lab 4
Department Guidelines
PO5 should be assessed: Students will be able to solve problems by gathering, interpreting, combining and/or applying information from multiple sources.